Columbia County
Florida · County seat: Lake City · Active county or equivalent
FIPS code 12023 is Columbia County, Florida. With a population of 69,832 (2022 ACS estimate), it ranks #41 in Florida and #775 nationally. Columbia County is part of the Lake City, FL. The state FIPS code for Florida is 12. This code is used in Census Bureau, BLS, EPA, HUD, and USDA federal datasets to identify this county.
County FIPS
12023
Population
69,832
2022 ACS · #775 nationally
Density
87.6/mi²
people per sq mile
Land Area
798
sq miles
Urban/Rural
Nonmetro — urban 20K+, adjacent to metro
RUCC 4
How This FIPS Code Works
The 5-digit FIPS code 12023 is formed by combining the 2-digit state identifier 12 (Florida) with the 3-digit county identifier 023. Together they uniquely identify Columbia County in every US federal dataset. No two counties share the same 5-digit FIPS code.
Census ACS Data for FIPS 12023
From the 2022 ACS 5-year estimates — the same values you'd retrieve by querying the Census API with county FIPS 12023.
Median Household Income
$53,501
ACS B19013_001E
Poverty Rate
15.7%
ACS B17001 (below poverty level)
Median Age
40.7
ACS B01002_001E
Metropolitan Area
Adjacent Counties (8)
Counties that share a border with Columbia County. Useful for regional analysis — these are the geographies you'd typically include when studying labor markets, commuting zones, or environmental spillovers around FIPS 12023.
Federal Datasets Using Code 12023
FIPS code 12023 appears as the county identifier in the following federal datasets. Analysts joining data across these sources use this code as the common geographic key.
Using FIPS Code 12023 in Code
Common patterns for querying federal datasets by this county's FIPS code. The leading zeros are significant — always treat FIPS codes as strings, not integers.
import requests
url = "https://api.census.gov/data/2022/acs/acs5"
params = {
"get": "NAME,B19013_001E,B01003_001E",
"for": "county:023",
"in": "state:12",
"key": "YOUR_CENSUS_API_KEY",
}
r = requests.get(url, params=params)
data = r.json() # [[header...], [Columbia County, Florida, income, pop, ...]-- 5-digit combined FIPS (state + county)
SELECT * FROM your_table WHERE county_fips = '12023';
-- Some datasets store state and county separately
SELECT * FROM your_table
WHERE state_fips = '12'
AND county_fips = '023';
-- ⚠ Never cast to integer — leading zeros are lost:
-- county_fips = 12023 is WRONG for this countylibrary(tidycensus)
get_acs(
geography = "county",
variables = c(income = "B19013_001E", pop = "B01003_001E"),
state = "12",
county = "023",
year = 2022
)ZIP Codes in Columbia County
ZIP codes do not align perfectly with county boundaries — a single ZIP code can span multiple counties, and a county can contain parts of many ZIP codes. The ratios below (from the Census 2020 ZCTA relationship file) show the land area share of each ZCTA that falls within Columbia County. Why FIPS ≠ ZIP →
| ZIP Code | % in county |
|---|---|
| 32061 | 100.0% |
| 32025 | 100.0% |
| 32038 | 100.0% |
| 32055 | 100.0% |
| 32024 | 81.4% |
| 32096 | 55.3% |
| 32643 | 12.7% |
| 32094 | 11.5% |